NON WOVEN IN MEDICAL TEXTILE

NONWOVEN IN MEDITECH

1 .INTRODUCTION The medical textiles embrace a massive vary of applications, viz, adhesive tapes, bandages, bedding, blankets, castings, diapers, dressings, eye pads, gauze, protecting clothing’s, sutures, surgical covers, surgical clothing’s, swabs, supports, healthful merchandise, hospital robes, etc. They conjointly realize application in extra-corporeal devices like dialyzer, liver, heart & mechanical respiratory organ, ligaments, tube grafts, heart valves, blood vessels, artificial skins, etc. Non woven textile scaffolds square measure accustomed replace or repair completely different organs, bones, system and in partial replacement of skin. The article can discuss well the recent advances in medical textiles field, which is able to still facilitate rising the lifetime of soul significantly with the help of non woven textiles. The apace growing field of medicine textiles and health care merchandise is really multi-disciplinary in nature. From earlier period the textile materials were used for medical applications in Bharat and Egypt like surgical sponge, linen and silk sutures and strips, catgut, etc. Categories of medical textiles Based on applications the medical textile will be loosely categorised as follows:

• Personal health care/hygienic products: Bedding, clothing, surgical robes, cloths, wipes surgical curves, surgical hose, diapers, etc.
• Non-implantable material or medical dressings & auxiliaries: Wound dressing, bandage, plasters, gauge, lint material, etc.
• Implantable materials: Sutures, tube grafts, artificial ligaments, and artificial joints.
• Extra corporal devices: Artificial kidneys, liver & lungs, etc. The nonwovens square measure used for the given applications in numerous forms.
• What is nonwoven?
• Nonwovens square measure webs created of fibres. These webs ought to be secured. Bonding ways will be chemical, thermal or mechanical. the event taken place in nonwovens sector includes use of various materials for non woven includes Lyocel nonwovens, plastic nonwovens, and perishable non woven 
• .Flowchart :                 
•  Nonwovens — immense scope in medical field?
• External devices wound dressings
• Implantable materials surgical sutures artificial ligaments
• Extracorporeal devices artificial kidneys artificial lungs.
• Protective and health care textiles face masks surgical robes
• Dental merchandise

Fibres utilized in producing of nonwovens for medical applications Cotton Polyester Polypropylene Viscose optical fibre Wood fluff Polyamide Chitin Layocell Medical Textiles Defined as “fibre-based merchandise and structures utilized in attention or the clinical treatment of a wound or medical condition”.                             IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL TEXTILES:  The materials square measure utilized in effecting repair to the body whether or not it’s wound closure (sutures) or replacements Surgery like tube grafts, artificial ligaments, etc). There square measure of the many shapes and sizes, for duplications as found in anatomy. Filament texturised yarns used today, that square measure coated to stop escape of blood whereas tissue, is forming on the inner walls. Carbon fibre could be a in style material for tissue repair.

Wound care absorbentpadWound contact layer base materials	Cotton, viscose silk, polyamide fiber viscose, polyethylene fiber viscoseplastics film	Non – woven knitted, woven.
Bandages simpleinelastic/ Elastic light supportCompression	Cotton viscose polyamide fiber/Elastomeric-fiber yarns, cotton, viscose	Woven, knitted,Non – woven /Woven, knitted woven Knitted
Orthopedic	Cotton, viscose Polyester fibre,Polypropylene fibre.	Woven, non- woven
Plasters	Viscose, pasties film, polyester fibre, glassfiber, polypropylene fibre	Knitted, woven,Non woven
Gauze’s	Cotton, viscose	Woven ,non- woven
Wadding	Viscose, cotton	Non- woven

• Gauze’s Cotton, viscose Woven ,non- woven Wadding Viscose, cotton Non- woven Suspensory and reinforcing surgical meshes square measure utilized in cosmetic surgery for repairing defects of the paries. Surgical treatments of hermia in medicine etc… Hydrophobic sanavel felt dressings square measure high consistence textiles made of man- created fibres designed for treatment of bums and completely different medicine defects. NON – IMPLANTABLE MATERIALS: These materials square measure used for external applications on the body could|and should|and will} or may contact with skin. they’re created type co-polymer of 2 amino acids. they’re used as covering, absorbent, protective and supports for contusioned or pathological half. they’re differing kinds.PRIMARY WOUND DRESSINGS:Placed next to the wound surface. Nonwoven with a binder content of hour and made of polyose materials square measure getting used.ABSORBENT:   Similar to wound pads utilized in surgery. factory-made from well-bleached, carded and cleansed cotton materials.
• BANDAGES:  These square measure slim cotton or linen, taffeta weave material of low texture, either woven , non-woven or unwoven.  Ex: Plaster of Paris Bandage, orthopedical bandage, crepe Bandage.

• ADHESIVE TAPES: It is slim, taffeta weave cloth having a coating of adhesive paste. it’s used with alternative pads to evolve them to the injury. 
• OTHER CORPOREAL DEVICES:Extra corporal devices square measure mechanical organs that square measure used for blood purification and embrace the substitute excretory organ, the substitute liver and therefore the mechanical respiratory organ. ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY: 
• Tiny instrument, regarding the dimensions of a 2 – cell electric lamp.  
• Made with hollow hair sized polyose fibres or hollow polyester fibre slightly latest than capillary vessels.
• Fabric that is employed to get rid of waste merchandise from patient’s blood ARTIFICIAL LIVER: 
• Made with hollow viscose to separate and dispose patients plasma and provide recent plasma. 
• ARTIFICIAL HEART: 
• An eight – ounce plastic pump lined with dacom textile to scale back harm to blood and could be a divided equipment regarding the dimensions of a personality’s heart.
• Silastic backing makes the material masterful to rising gas that’s not fascinating within the blood. 
• MECHANICAL LUNG:
• Made with hollow polypropene fibre or a hollow siloxane membrane.
• Used to take away carbon-di-oxide from patient’s blood and provide recent gas.HEALTH CARE TEXTILES 

Production Application	Fiber type	Fabric type
Surgical clothingGowns caps masks	Cotton, polyester fibre,Polypropylene fibre, viscose	Non – woven, woven
Surgical coversDrapes cloths	Polyester fibre, polyethylene fibre	Non woven, woven
Clothing uniforms protective clothing	Cotton, polyester fibre, polyethylene fibre	Woven, non- woven
Incontinence diaper/ sheet cover stockabsorbent layer other layers	Polyester fibre, polyethylene fibre, super absorbents polyethylene fibre	Non woven, woven
Cloths / wipes	Viscose	Non- woven

An important space of the textiles is that the health care and hygiene sector among alternative medical applications. The vary of merchandise out there for health care and hygiene is immense, however they’re usually used either within the operation theatre or within the hospital wards for hygiene, care and safety of the employees and patients.  Applications of nonwovens in medical textiles :

• Bandages
• Clothing
• Gowns
• Caps
• Masks
• diapers

• Artificial liver
• Artificial heart

• Artificial lung

• Disposable surgical Coverings
• Bed sheets

 Conclusion Textiles are vital altogether aspects of medication and surgery and therefore the vary and extent of applications to that these materials are used could be a reflection of their monumental skillfulness. merchandise used for medical or surgery applications could initially sight appear either terribly straightforward or advanced things. In reality, but in-depth analysis is needed to engineer a textile for even a simplest improvement wipe so as to satisfy demanding skilled specifications. Nonwovens have resulted in an exceedingly new breed of medical textiles. Advanced composite materials containing combination of fibres and materials are developed for applications wherever bio compatibility and  strength are needed. it’s expected that the nonwoven materials can still have larger impact during this sector attributable to the big member of characteristics and performance criteria needed from these materials.   Raw material for Nonwovens polylactic acid Polylactic acid : Polylactide (PLA) biopolymers offer a biodegradable or recyclable alternative to  renewable and petrochemical-based fibers. Finland-based Ahlstrom Corp. has designed this unique tea bag using spunbondIngeo™ polylactidefiber. A lot of wipes already have natural components, such as viscose and cotton, and In geo is a great complement. Essentially, it offers a thermoplastic that has natural origins and very good environmental credentials,” Green said, adding that using In geo in a blend with cotton or viscose allows producers to improve the sustainability of their products. PLA also has inherent flammability characteristics, Green noted. It is difficult to start burning and generates little smoke, he said; and its self-extinguish time is significantly shorter than polyester or cotton. It also is moisture-wicking and hypoallergenic ultraviolet-transparent, ; and has low odor retention. These properties can be further improved using topical treatments or additives. Techniques used for PlA nonwovens :

1. Needle punching technique for Automotive products , needle pounced carpets
2. Melt blown techniques for melt blown filtration
3. Spun Bonding technique for spunlaced wipes and hygiene products in which pla may be blended with cotton or viscose ; spunbond filtration and geotextile products as well as teabags and other such products

  Production process for polylactic acid (PLA) Polylacticacid(PLA) is the bioplastic in use First, corn or other raw materials are fermented to produce lactic acid, which is then polymerized to make polylacticacid(PLA). Bioplastics are expected to make major contributions to environmental protection, because they reduce CO₂ and because they are biodegradable. Applications for bioplastics is growing, to agricultural sheeting, to household appliances.from materials used in automobile interiors to packaging for foods and cosmetics, We have our own proprietary process for polymerizing lactic acid, and we provide licenses for this production process. Production process for polylacticacid (PLA) There are two methods for manufacturing polylacticacid(PLA) from lactic acid: the first method uses the cyclic lactic acid dimer called lactide as an intermediate stage; the second method is direct polymerization of lactic acid. The method using the lactide intermediary yields polylacticacid (PLA) with greater molecular weight. Characteristics of  Nonwoven grade plafiber  :-

1. Environmental friendly
2. 100% biodegradable
3. Nonwoven grade
4. Soft handle
5. Low flammability (LOI 26+) and less smoke generation.
6. Good wrinkle and shrink resistance,
7. Good air-permeability, moisture absorption
8. Low index of refraction, which provides excellent color characteristics
9. UV-cut, fastness to Antimicrobial, mildewproof,  sunlight; keep your skin clean and safe;
10.  Biodegradable completely and environment-friendly.

Specifications of  Nonwoven grade PLA fiber, 6D*64mm : Regular finess: 3D~15D Regular length:38mm~120mm Application: mainly for nonwoven Package: 220kg/pressed bale Data sheet of Nonwoven grade PLA fiber, 6D*64mm –  

Performances	PLA Fiber	Polyester Fiber	Nylon Fiber
Breaking Tenacity (cN/tex)	38	60	45
Specific Density (g/cm3)	1.27	1.38	1.14
Melting Point (℃)	160~175	255	215
LOI(%)	26+	20~22	20~24
Moisture Regain (%)	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	4.1
Refractive Index	1.4	1.57~1.68	1.57
Combustion Heat (KJ/g)	19	25~30	30.9
Elongation Rate(%)	25~35	30~40	30~40
Recovery Rate(Stretch 5%)	93	65	89
Moulds(kg/mm2)	400~600	1200	300
Dyestuff	disperse dye	disperse dye	disperse dye4
Flammability	less moke(self-extinguish offfire 2 minutes)	heavy smoke(self-extinguishoff fire 6 minutes)	milddle smoke

Applications of PlA Fibres:

1. PlA yarn has  potential uses in nonwovens:
2. Fabric, wet tissue, medical, Interlining bedclothes wipers,  etc
3. Household and Industrial Wipes;
4. Diapers, Feminine Hygiene products, Disposable garments;
5. UV resistant fabrics for external use eg. Awnings, ground cover etc
6. Agricultural textiles that may be tilled under at the end of a growing season;
7. Needle punched carpet and automotive products;
8. Spun bond filtration and teabags and other such products ;geotextile products as well as a

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